February 7, 2024
Last updated on October 8th, 2026 at 01:24 am
What Is the Stages of Change Model and Why Is It Important in Recovery?
The Stages of Change model, developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, provides a foundational framework for understanding how individuals transition through behavioral change in addiction recovery. This step-by-step process is often integral to overcoming the psychological grip of addiction, helping individuals progress toward lasting change. Commonly referred to as the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), it outlines five core stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Each stage represents a step along the behavioral transformation journey and emphasizes that relapse can be part of the process, not the end of it.
Dr. Carlo DiClemente, who developed the model with James Prochaska, has described its effect on addiction treatment. He told Carrara’s clinical team in a July 2025 training that what the model has done is “change the conversation from resistance to readiness, from confrontation to evoking motivation.”
At Carrara Treatment, the model enables clinicians to deliver care that aligns with a person’s current emotional and psychological state. This strategic alignment ensures every intervention is properly timed and tailored, increasing the likelihood of long-term success in recovery.
1. Precontemplation
In the precontemplation stage, a person typically does not yet see their substance use as a serious problem and may resist labels like addiction, even if loved ones are worried. Clinicians focus on building trust, offering nonjudgmental feedback, and gently increasing awareness so the individual can begin to imagine the possibility of change and recovery.
Building that awareness is the first step toward recovery. Dr. DiClemente described the clinician’s task in the same July 2025 training: “If I have somebody in front of me in precontemplation, I need to get them interested and concerned about the need for change and maybe the possibility of change.”
2. Contemplation
During contemplation, the person recognizes that their substance use is harmful but feels torn about giving it up. Ambivalence is common and can last for some time. Treatment at this stage centers on motivational interviewing, exploring pros and cons, and helping the person connect change with deeply held values and dreams.
3. Preparation
In the preparation stage, the individual starts taking concrete steps toward change, such as researching treatment options, talking to family, or planning a detox date. Clinicians respond by helping design realistic goals, removing practical barriers, and reinforcing the growing sense of hope, confidence, and self-efficacy in recovery.
4. Action
The action stage is when change becomes visible in daily life. A person might enter residential rehab, begin outpatient therapy, or fully commit to abstinence. Emphasis is placed on learning coping skills, building new routines, and strengthening support systems to make sobriety feel achievable, rewarding, and personally meaningful.
5. Maintenance
Maintenance focuses on protecting the hard-won gains of early recovery. Clients work on relapse prevention, peer support, healthy lifestyle routines, and repairing relationships while staying alert to triggers. Care plans evolve to support long-term goals, ensuring recovery is not just a phase but a sustainable and resilient new way of living.
How Do the Five Stages of Change Apply to Addiction Recovery?
Each stage in the change model reflects specific mindsets, behaviors, and clinical needs.
By mapping recovery onto these five stages, clients and providers can set realistic expectations, anticipate obstacles, and celebrate progress. This flexible roadmap keeps treatment responsive over time, strengthening engagement, resilience, and confidence in long-term sobriety.
How Is the Stages of Change Model Applied in Real Life?
The Stages of Change model is highly dynamic when applied in real-life scenarios, reflecting the non-linear nature of recovery. Individuals may move between stages, experience overlap, or even find themselves in multiple stages simultaneously. Recovery is often a long-term process that involves multiple attempts over several years. For a detailed framework on applying this model, consider reviewing the Stages of Change guide.
In What Ways Do Professional Interventions Align with the Stages of Change?
Professional interventions act as carefully planned turning points that help shift a person from uncertainty into meaningful action. By drawing on insights from years of holistic addiction recovery, Carrara clinicians design conversations that reduce defensiveness, honor emotions, and gently increase readiness for treatment.
- Emotional support in action: Emotional support in a structured, non-blaming intervention helps families express concern without shame or attack, helping the person feel cared for instead of judged and making it easier to consider professional help.
- Motivational awakening: Motivational awakening happens when loved ones share specific examples of harm and hope, allowing the person to connect consequences with their values and gently shifting them from passive contemplation toward an active desire to change.
- Bridging to therapy: Bridging to therapy becomes simpler when the intervention includes clear information about Carrara’s programs, logistics, and next steps, so saying yes to help feels like a guided decision rather than a leap into the unknown.
- Stage identification: Stage identification occurs as clinicians observe the client’s language, body cues, and objections, using these insights to pinpoint their stage of change and tailor immediate recommendations that fit their current readiness.
- Confidence building: Confidence building grows when the person realizes they are not facing recovery alone, as the intervention team promises ongoing support, reinforcing self-belief and increasing the likelihood of sustained engagement in treatment.
How Does the Model Support Long-Term Success in Recovery?
By viewing change as a looping process, Carrara clinicians can adjust pace, intensity, and support to match each client’s current stage and emotional capacity.
Relapse is treated as information, not failure. When someone returns to substance use, the team reviews triggers, refines coping strategies, and re-matches care to the most accurate stage. Using multi-dimensional addiction care approaches, therapists address body, mind, and spirit so each setback becomes a chance to strengthen insight, rebuild confidence, and reinforce long-term recovery.
In the model, this looping process is called recycling, which means moving back through earlier stages after a lapse in recovery and learning from it. Dr. DiClemente told Carrara’s clinical team in the same July 2025 training: “Recycling is how you learn to adequately accomplish the tasks of the stages and get it done well.”
How Can Treatment Programs Support the Stages of Change?
Treatment programs are essential in guiding individuals through the Stages of Change. By integrating the model into their methodologies, programs can offer targeted interventions, education, and resources to facilitate recovery. Key strategies include:
- Education: Providing individuals with knowledge about the stages and what to expect during recovery.
- Comprehensive Care: Combining individual therapy, group sessions, and aftercare planning to address unique needs.
Why Understanding the Stages of Change Enhances Family Support?
When families understand what stage of change their loved one is in, they can respond with insight instead of instinct. This perspective, combined with awareness of generational patterns and learned behaviors, helps relatives support recovery without repeating unhelpful roles or reactions.
- Contextual awareness: Knowing whether someone is in precontemplation, contemplation, or action helps families match their response to reality, offering patience, curiosity, and gentle questions instead of pressure, arguments, or criticism that can deepen resistance.
- Relapse preparedness: Understanding that relapse can appear even in maintenance reduces panic and blame. Families are better able to respond with calm support, adjust boundaries, and reconnect their loved one with treatment instead of seeing the slip as total failure.
- Communication skills: When relatives learn to frame concerns around specific stages, they practice reflective listening, validate ambivalence, and avoid harsh confrontations. This stage-informed communication makes difficult talks safer and more effective for everyone involved.
- Emotional resilience: A clear roadmap of change helps families ride out slow progress or setbacks without losing hope. They can anchor themselves in realistic expectations, lean on their own support systems, and remain steady, consistent allies through an often uneven process.
- Positive reinforcement: Seeing how small shifts signal movement between stages encourages families to celebrate incremental wins. By noticing and praising honest reflection, healthier choices, and treatment engagement, they help strengthen motivation and support lasting behavioral change.
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Sources
- Dr. Carlo C. DiClemente, PhD, “Dr. Carlo DiClemente Trains the Carrara Clinical Team on the Stages of Change,” Carrara Treatment Clinical Training Series, July 9, 2025.
Britney Elyse, LMFT, is an experienced mental health professional and clinical leader with more than 15 years of experience in behavioral health, addiction treatment, and recovery services. She currently serves as Director of Compliance & Clinical Services at Carrara Treatment, Wellness & Spa, where she oversees the clinical team, treatment programming, staff development, documentation standards, and coordination of care with physicians and psychiatric providers.
Throughout her career, Britney has held leadership and clinical roles at respected treatment programs including Cliffside Malibu, Cast Recovery, The Hills Treatment Center, and Tarzana Treatment Centers. Her experience encompasses individual and family therapy, clinical assessment, treatment planning, case management, utilization review, and the development of trauma-focused programming.
Britney’s therapeutic background includes trauma-informed care, Somatic Experiencing, DBT, relapse prevention, family therapy, and stages-of-change interventions. She is passionate about creating thoughtful, individualized treatment plans while supporting clients and their families throughout the recovery process.
Britney earned her Master’s degree in Clinical Psychology with an emphasis in Marriage and Family Therapy from Antioch University and has pursued advanced training in Somatic Experiencing Therapy. Her approach combines compassionate client care with strong clinical leadership and a commitment to maintaining the highest standards of treatment.
Credentials: MA, LMFT. California Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist 90937 (Board of Behavioral Sciences). MA, Antioch University. Member, CAMFT.
